Soybean cultivar 91119238595

ABSTRACT

A novel soybean cultivar, designated 91119238595, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 91119238595, to the plants of soybean 91119238595 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 91119238595 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 91119238595 with another soybean cultivar.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a new and distinctive soybean cultivar,designated 91119238595. There are numerous steps in the development ofany novel, desirable plant germplasm. Plant breeding begins with theanalysis and definition of problems and weaknesses of the currentgermplasm, the establishment of program goals, and the definition ofspecific breeding objectives. The next step is selection of germplasmthat possess the traits to meet the program goals. The goal is tocombine in a single variety an improved combination of desirable traitsfrom the parental germplasm. These important traits may include higherseed yield, resistance to diseases and insects, better stems and roots,tolerance to drought and heat, and better agronomic quality.

Choice of breeding or selection methods depends on the mode of plantreproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) being improved, and thetype of cultivar used commercially (e.g., F₁ hybrid cultivar, purelinecultivar, etc.). For highly heritable traits, a choice of superiorindividual plants evaluated at a single location will be effective,whereas for traits with low heritability, selection should be based onmean values obtained from replicated evaluations of families of relatedplants. Popular selection methods commonly include pedigree selection,modified pedigree selection, mass selection, and recurrent selection.

The complexity of inheritance influences choice of the breeding method.Backcross breeding is used to transfer one or a few favorable genes fora highly heritable trait into a desirable cultivar. This approach hasbeen used extensively for breeding disease-resistant cultivars. Variousrecurrent selection techniques are used to improve quantitativelyinherited traits controlled by numerous genes. The use of recurrentselection in self-pollinating crops depends on the ease of pollination,the frequency of successful hybrids from each pollination, and thenumber of hybrid offspring from each successful cross.

Each breeding program should include a periodic, objective evaluation ofthe efficiency of the breeding procedure. Evaluation criteria varydepending on the goal and objectives, but should include gain fromselection per year based on comparisons to an appropriate standard,overall value of the advanced breeding lines, and number of successfulcultivars produced per unit of input (e.g., per year, per dollarexpended, etc.).

Promising advanced breeding lines are thoroughly tested and compared toappropriate standards in environments representative of the commercialtarget area(s) for three or more years. The best lines are candidatesfor new commercial cultivars; those still deficient in a few traits maybe used as parents to produce new populations for further selection.

These processes, which lead to the final step of marketing anddistribution, usually take from eight to 12 years from the time thefirst cross is made. Therefore, development of new cultivars is atime-consuming process that requires precise forward planning, efficientuse of resources, and a minimum of changes in direction.

A most difficult task is the identification of individuals that aregenetically superior, because for most traits the true genotypic valueis masked by other confounding plant traits or environmental factors.One method of identifying a superior plant is to observe its performancerelative to other experimental plants and to a widely grown standardcultivar. If a single observation is inconclusive, replicatedobservations provide a better estimate of its genetic worth.

The goal of plant breeding is to develop new, unique and superiorsoybean oultivars and hybrids. The breeder initially selects and crossestwo or more parental lines, followed by repeated selfing and selection,producing many new genetic combinations. The breeder can theoreticallygenerate billions of different genetic combinations via crossing,selfing and mutations. The breeder has no direct control at the cellularlevel. Therefore, two breeders will never develop the same line, or evenvery similar lines, having the same soybean traits.

Each year, the plant breeder selects the germplasm to advance to thenext generation. This germplasm is grown under unique and differentgeographical, climatic and soil conditions, and further selections arethen made, during and at the end of the growing season. The cultivarswhich are developed are unpredictable. This unpredictability is becausethe breeder's selection occurs in unique environments, with no controlat the DNA level (using conventional breeding procedures), and withmillions of different possible genetic combinations being generated. Abreeder of ordinary skill in the art cannot predict the final resultinglines he develops, except possibly in a very gross and general fashion.The same breeder cannot produce the same cultivar twice by using theexact same original parents and the same selection techniques. Thisunpredictability results in the expenditure of large amounts of researchmonies to develop superior new soybean cultivars.

The development of new soybean cultivars requires the development andselection of soybean varieties, the crossing of these varieties andselection of superior hybrid crosses. The hybrid seed is produced bymanual crosses between selected male-fertile parents or by using malesterility systems. These hybrids are selected for certain single genetraits such as pod color, flower color, pubescence color or herbicideresistance which indicate that the seed is truly a hybrid. Additionaldata on parental lines, as well as the phenotype of the hybrid,influence the breeder's decision whether to continue with the specifichybrid cross.

Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used todevelop cultivars from breeding populations. Breeding programs combinedesirable traits from two or more cultivars or various broad-basedsources into breeding pools from which cultivars are developed byselfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new cultivars areevaluated to determine which have commercial potential.

Pedigree breeding is used commonly for the improvement ofself-pollinating crops. Two parents which possess favorable,complementary traits are crossed to produce an F₁. An F₂ population isproduced by selfing one or several F₁ 's. Selection of the bestindividuals may begin in the F₂ population; then, beginning in the F₃,the best individuals in the best families are selected. Replicatedtesting of families can begin in the F₄ generation to improve theeffectiveness of selection for traits with low heritability. At anadvanced stage of inbreeding (i.e., F₆ and F₇), the best lines ormixtures of phenotypically similar lines are tested for potentialrelease as new cultivars.

Mass and recurrent selections can be used to improve populations ofeither self- or cross-pollinating crops. A genetically variablepopulation of heterozygous individuals is either identified or createdby intercrossing several different parents. The best plants are selectedbased on individual superiority, outstanding progeny, or excellentcombining ability. The selected plants are intercrossed to produce a newpopulation in which further cycles of selection are continued.

Backcross breeding has been used to transfer genes for a simplyinherited, highly heritable trait into a desirable homozygous cultivaror inbred line which is the recurrent parent. The source of the trait tobe transferred is called the donor parent. The resulting plant isexpected to have the attributes of the recurrent parent (e.g., cultivar)and the desirable trait transferred from the donor parent. After theinitial cross, individuals possessing the phenotype of the donor parentare selected and repeatedly crossed (backcrossed) to the recurrentparent. The resulting plant is expected to have the attributes of therecurrent parent (e.g., cultivar) and the desirable trait transferredfrom the donor parent.

The single-seed descent procedure in the strict sense refers to plantinga segregating population, harvesting a sample of one seed per plant, andusing the one-seed sample to plant the next generation. When thepopulation has been advanced from the F₂ to the desired level ofinbreeding, the plants from which lines are derived will each trace todifferent F₂ individuals. The number of plants in a population declineseach generation due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plantsto produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F₂ plantsoriginally sampled in the population will be represented by a progenywhen generation advance is completed.

In a multiple-seed procedure, soybean breeders commonly harvest one ormore pods from each plant in a population and thresh them together toform a bulk. Part of the bulk is used to plant the next generation andpart is put in reserve. The procedure has been referred to as modifiedsingle-seed descent or the pod-bulk technique.

The multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor at harvest. Itis considerably faster to thresh pods with a machine than to remove oneseed from each by hand for the single-seed procedure. The multiple-seedprocedure also makes it possible to plant the same number of seeds of apopulation each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested tomake up for those plants that did not germinate or produce seed.

Descriptions of other breeding methods that are commonly used fordifferent traits and crops can be found in one of several referencebooks (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et al., 1979; Fehr,1987).

Proper testing should detect any major faults and establish the level ofsuperiority or improvement over current cultivars. In addition toshowing superior performance, there must be a demand for a new cuitivarthat is compatible with industry standards or which creates a newmarket. The introduction of a new cultivar will incur additional coststo the seed producer, the grower, processor and consumer; for specialadvertising and marketing, altered seed and commercial productionpractices, and new product utilization. The testing preceding release ofa new cultivar should take into consideration research and developmentcosts as well as technical superiority of the final cultivar. Forseed-propagated cultivars, it must be feasible to produce seed easilyand economically.

Soybean, Glycine max (L), is an important and valuable field crop. Thus,a continuing goal of plant breeders is to develop stable, high yieldingsoybean cultivars that are agronomically sound. The reasons for thisgoal are obviously to maximize the amount of grain produced on the landused and to supply food for both animals and humans. To accomplish thisgoal, the soybean breeder must select and develop soybean plants thathave the traits that result in superior cultivars.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean cultivar,designated 91119238595. This invention thus relates to the seeds ofsoybean cultivar 91119238595, to the plants of soybean 91119238595 andto methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing thesoybean 91119238595 with itself or another soybean line.

DEFINITIONS

In the description and tables which follow, a number of terms are used.In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of thespecification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms,the following definitions are provided:

Maturity Date. Plants are considered mature when 95% of the pods havereached their mature color. The number of days are either calculatedfrom September 1 or from the planting date.

Seed Yield (Bushels/Acre). The yield in bushels/acre is the actual yieldof the grain at harvest.

Lodging Resistance. Lodging is rated on a scale of 1 to 5. A score of 1indicates erect plants. A score of 2.5 indicates plants are leaning at a45° angle in relation to the ground and a score of 5 indicates plantsare laying on the ground.

Phytophthora Tolerance. Tolerance to Phytophthora root rot is rated on ascale of 1 to 5, with a score of 1 being the best or highest toleranceranging down to a score of 5 which indicates the plants have notolerance to Phytophthora.

Emergence. This score indicates the ability of the seed to emerge whenplanted 3" deep in sand and with a controlled temperature of 25° C. Thenumber of plants that emerge each day are counted. Based on this data,each genotype is given a 1 to 5 score based on its rate of emergence andpercent of emergence. A score of 1 indicates an excellent rate andpercent of emergence, an intermediate score of 2.5 indicates averageratings and a 5 score indicates a very poor rate and percent ofemergence.

Iron-Deficiency Chlorosis. Plants are scored 1 to 5 based on visualobservations. A score of 1 means no stunting of the plants or yellowingof the leaves and a score of 5 indicates the plants are dead or dyingcaused by iron-deficiency chlorosis, a score of 2.5 means plants haveintermediate health with some leaf yellowing.

Brown Stem Rot. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 5 comparing allgenotypes in a given test. The score is based on leaf symptoms ofyellowing and necrosis caused by brown stem rot. A score of 1 indicatesno symptoms. Visual scores range to a score of 5 which indicates severesymptoms of leaf yellowing and necrosis.

Shattering. The amount of pod dehiscence prior to harvest. Poddehiscence involves seeds falling from the pods to the soil. This is avisual score from 1 to 5 comparing all genotypes within a given test. Ascore of 1 means pods have not opened and no seeds have fallen out. Ascore of 2.5 indicates approximately 50% of the pods have opened, withseeds falling to the ground and a score of 5 indicates 100% of the podsare opened.

Plant Height. Plant height is taken from the top of soil to top node ofthe plant and is measured in inches.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Soybean cultivar 91119238595 has superior characteristics and wasdeveloped from the cross Hutcheson×40-3-2. F₂ and F₃ plants wereadvanced by a modified pedigree selection. In 1993, F₃ derived F₄ lineswere selected and entered in a two location preliminary yield trial. In1994 the line was advanced to a 5 location yield trial.

Based on the 1993-1994 test data 9119238595 was advanced to the 1995Elite Trials which included 26 test locations.

91119238595 is an early maturity group VI variety with the goodadaptability to both loam and clay soils. It has the Roundup Ready™ geneconferring tolerance to glyphosate herbicide. The present invention hasresistance to soybean cyst nematode race 3 and moderate resistance torace 14. It is resistant to Frogeye Leaf Spot (Cercospora sojina), StemCanker (Diaporthe phaseolorum) and Sudden Death Syndrome (Fusariumsolani). 91119238595 is an attractive plant type, with good lodgingresistance and excellent yield when compared with other lines of similarmaturity.

Some of the criteria used to select in various generations include: seedyield, lodging resistance, emergence, disease tolerance, maturity, lateseason plant intactness, plant height and shattering resistance.

The cultivar has shown uniformity and stability for all traits, asdescribed in the following variety description information. It has beenself-pollinated a sufficient number of generations with carefulattention to uniformity of plant type to ensure homozygosity andphenotypic stability. The line has been increased with continuedobservation for uniformity. No variant traits have been observed or areexpected in 91119238595.

Soybean cultivar 91119238595 has the following morphologic and othercharacteristics (based primarily on data collected at Marion, Ark.):

    ______________________________________                                        VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION                                               ______________________________________                                        1.  Seed Shape: Spherical Flattened (L/W ratio > 1.2; L/T                         ratio = < 1.2)                                                            2.  Seed Coat Color: (Mature Seed) - Yellow                                   3.  Seed Coat Luster: (Mature Hand Shelled Seed) - Dull                       4.  Seed Size: (Mature Seed) - 13 grams per 100 seeds                         5.  Hilum Color: (Mature Seed) - Buff                                         6.  Cotyledon Color: (Mature Seed) - Yellow                                   7.  Seed Protein Peroxidase Activity: Low                                     8.  Hypocotyl Color: Green only                                               9.  Leaflet Shape: Ovate                                                      10. Leaflet Size: Medium                                                      11. Leaf Color: Medium Green                                                  12. Flower Color: White                                                       13. Pod Color: Tan                                                            14. Plant Pubescence Color: Gray                                              15. Plant Types: Intermediate                                                 16. Plant Habit: Determinate                                                  17. Maturity Group: VI                                                        18. Disease Reaction:                                                                          Stem Canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum):                                          Resistant                                                               Phytophthora Rot                                                              (Phytophthora megasperma):                                                    Race 1       Susceptible                                                      Race 3       Susceptible                                                      Race 4       Susceptible                                                      Soybean Cyst Nematode                                                         (Heterodera glycines)                                                         Race 3       Resistant                                                         Race 14     Resistant                                                        Sudden Death Syndrome                                                         (Fusarium solani): Resistant                                       19. Number of Days to Maturity: 147                                           20. Plant Lodging Score: 1.4                                                  21. Plant Height: 89 cm.                                                      ______________________________________                                    

This invention is also directed to methods for producing a soybean plantby crossing a first parent soybean plant with a second parent soybeanplant, wherein the first or second soybean plant is the soybean plantfrom the line 91119238595. Further, both first and second parent soybeanplants may be from the cultivar 91119238595. Therefore, any methodsusing the cultivar 91119238595 are part of this invention: selfing,backcrosses, hybrid breeding, and crosses to populations. Any plantsproduced using cultivar 91119238595 as a parent are within the scope ofthis invention. As used herein, the term "plant" includes plant cells,plant protoplasts, plant cells of tissue culture from which soybeanplants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cellsthat are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as pollen, flowers,seeds, pods, leaves, stems, and the like. Thus, another aspect of thisinvention is to provide for cells which upon growth and differentiationproduce the cultivar 91119238595.

The cultivar 91119238595 is similar to AG6101. While similar, there arenumerous differences including: 91119238595 is one day earlier inmaturity and has a white flower while AG6101 is purple.

TABLES

In the tables that follows, the traits and characteristics of soybeancultivar 91119238595 are compared to several competing varieties ofcommercial soybeans of similar maturity. In these tables, column 1 showsthe Competitor Variety. Column 2 and 3 indicate the number of tests andyears of testing. Column 4, 5 and 6 indicate the yield in bushels/acrefor the instant invention, the Competitor Variety identified in column 1and the difference, respectively. Column 7 and 8 indicate the days tomaturity for the instant invention and Competitor Variety, respectively.Column 9 and 10 show plant height of the instant invention andCompetitor Variety and column 11 and 12 show the lodging score for theinstant invention and the Competitor Variety respectively. Lodgingscores are rated 1=Best and 5=Worst.

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________    ASGROW RESEARCH YIELD TRIAL - HEAD TO HEAD COMPARISON                         ASGROW 91119238595 VS. COMPETITOR VARIETIES                                   '8595 SHOWN IN TABLE BELOW REFERS TO ASGROW 91119238595                       LOCATION: MD                                                                  Competitor                                                                    Variety    Number Yield, Bushel/Acre                                                                      Maturity                                                                             Height Lodging                             (Other)    Tests                                                                            Years                                                                             '8595                                                                            Other                                                                             Diff.                                                                            '8695                                                                            Other                                                                             '8595                                                                            Other                                                                             '8595                                                                            Other                            __________________________________________________________________________    Asgrow AG5601                                                                            2  1   50.3                                                                             46.3                                                                              4.0                                                                              59.5                                                                             55.5                                                                              35.4                                                                             34.8                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.6                              Asgrow AG6101                                                                            2  1   50.3                                                                             47.4                                                                              3.0                                                                              59.5                                                                             60.0                                                                              35.4                                                                             40.1                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.1                              Asgrow A5547                                                                             2  1   50.3                                                                             51.0                                                                              -.7                                                                              59.5                                                                             54.5                                                                              35.4                                                                             35.2                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.5                              Asgrow A5843                                                                             2  1   50.3                                                                             53.9                                                                              -3.6                                                                             59.5                                                                             57.5                                                                              35.4                                                                             37.3                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.1                              Asgrow A5560                                                                             2  1   50.3                                                                             48.3                                                                              2.1                                                                              59.5                                                                             54.0                                                                              35.4                                                                             33.6                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.2                              Asgrow A5885                                                                             2  1   50.3                                                                             45.3                                                                              5.1                                                                              59.5                                                                             57.0                                                                              35.4                                                                             33.6                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.6                              Asgrow A5979                                                                             2  1   50.3                                                                             48.6                                                                              1.7                                                                              59.5                                                                             57.5                                                                              35.4                                                                             36.8                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.6                              Hart H5566 2  1   50.3                                                                             51.6                                                                              -1.3                                                                             59.5                                                                             56.0                                                                              35.4                                                                             34.9                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.2                              Northrup King S59-60                                                                     2  1   50.3                                                                             45.4                                                                              4.9                                                                              59.5                                                                             57.5                                                                              35.4                                                                             35.2                                                                              2.6                                                                              3.2                              Pioneer 9593                                                                             2  1   50.3                                                                             49.5                                                                              .8 59.5                                                                             58.0                                                                              35.4                                                                             33.4                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.7                              Hutcheson  2  1   50.3                                                                             49.7                                                                              .7 59.5                                                                             58.0                                                                              35.4                                                                             32.2                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.1                              Mean       2  1   50.3                                                                             48.7                                                                              1.6                                                                              59.5                                                                             57.2                                                                              35.4                                                                             36.1                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.5                              __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________    ASGROW RESEARCH YIELD TRIAL - HEAD TO HEAD COMPARISON                         ASGROW 91119238595 VS. COMPETITOR VARIETIES                                   '8595 SHOWN IN TABLE BELOW REFERS TO ASGROW 91119238595                       LOCATION: AR, MO, TN, MS                                                      Competitor                                                                    Variety    Number Yield, Bushel/Acre                                                                      Maturity                                                                             Height Lodging                             (Other)    Tests                                                                            Years                                                                             '8595                                                                            Other                                                                             Diff.                                                                            '8695                                                                            Other                                                                             '8595                                                                            Other                                                                             '8595                                                                            Other                            __________________________________________________________________________    Asgrow A5843                                                                             5  1   62.6                                                                             66.0                                                                              -3.3                                                                             34.8                                                                             31.9                                                                              33.0                                                                             32.0                                                                              4.5                                                                              5.0                              Asgrow A5885                                                                             5  1   62.6                                                                             62.0                                                                              .6 34.8                                                                             32.5                                                                              33.0                                                                             35.0                                                                              4.5                                                                              4.5                              Asgrow A6297                                                                             5  1   62.6                                                                             59.7                                                                              2.9                                                                              34.8                                                                             37.2                                                                              33.0                                                                             32.4                                                                              4.5                                                                              4.5                              Mean       5  1   62.6                                                                             58.3                                                                              4.3                                                                              34.8                                                                             33.8                                                                              33.0                                                                             35.0                                                                              4.5                                                                              3.9                              __________________________________________________________________________

DEPOSIT INFORMATION

A deposit of the Asgrow Seed Company proprietary soybean cultivar91119238595 disclosed above and recited in the appended claims has beenmade with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 12301 ParklawnDrive, Rockville, Md., 20852. The date of deposit was May 9, 1996. Thedeposit of 2,500 seeds were taken from the same deposit maintained byAsgrow Seed Company since prior to the filing date of this application.All restrictions upon the deposit have been removed, and the deposit isintended to meet all of the requirements of 37 C.F.R. §1.801-1.809. TheATCC accession number is ATCC 97560. The deposit will be maintained inthe depository for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the lastrequest, or for the enforceable life of the patent, whichever is longer,and will be replaced as necessary during that period.

What is claimed is:
 1. A soybean seed designated 91119238595 depositedas ATCC Accession Number
 97560. 2. A soybean plant produced by growingthe seed of claim
 1. 3. Pollen of the plant of claim
 2. 4. An ovule ofthe plant of claim
 2. 5. A soybean plant having all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of the soybean plant of claim
 2. 6. Atissue culture comprising regenerable cells of the plant of claim
 2. 7.A soybean plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 6, whereinthe regenerated soybean plant has all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of a plant grown from a soybean seeddesignated
 91119238595. 8. A first generation (F₁) hybrid soybean seedproduced by the process of:a) planting in pollinating proximity seeds ofsoybean cultivar 91119238595 and another soybean genotype, wherein theseeds of soybean cultivar 91119238595 are deposited as ATCC AccessionNumber 97560; b) cultivating soybean plants resulting from said seedsuntil said plants bear flowers; c) emasculating the male flowers of theplants of either soybean genotype; d) allowing cross pollination tooccur between said soybean genotypes; and, e) harvesting seeds producedon said emasculated plants of the soybean line.
 9. A first generation(F₁) hybrid soybean plant produced by growing said hybrid soybean seedof claim 8.